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Old South Meeting House

Coordinates: 42°21′25″N 71°3′31″W / 42.35694°N 71.05861°W / 42.35694; -71.05861
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This article is about the museum and historic site in Downtown Crossing. For the United Church of Christ church at Copley Square, see Old South Church.

Old South Meeting House
On a city street, an old brick church with a tall steeple is flanked by modern buildings.
The Old South Meeting House, 1968
Old South Meeting House is located in Boston
Old South Meeting House
Old South Meeting House is located in Massachusetts
Old South Meeting House
LocationCorner of Washington and Milk Streets
Boston, Massachusetts
Coordinates42°21′25″N 71°3′31″W / 42.35694°N 71.05861°W / 42.35694; -71.05861
Built1729
ArchitectTwelves, Robert
Architectural styleGeorgian
NRHP reference No.66000778[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966
Designated NHLOctober 9, 1960

The Old South Meeting House is a historic Congregational church building located at the corner of Milk and Washington Streets in the Downtown Crossing area of Boston, Massachusetts, built in 1729. It gained fame as the organizing point for the Boston Tea Party on December 16, 1773. Five thousand or more colonists[2] gathered at the Meeting House, the largest building in Boston at the time.

History

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Church (1729–1872)

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The meeting house or church was completed in 1729, with its 56 m (183 ft) steeple. The congregation was gathered in 1669 when it broke off from First Church of Boston, a Congregational church founded by John Winthrop in 1630. The site was a gift of Mrs. Norton, widow of John Norton, pastor of the First Church in Boston.[3] The church's first pastor was Rev. Thomas Thacher, a native of Salisbury, England. Thacher was also a physician and is known for publishing the first medical tract in Massachusetts.

Interior of Old South, 2018

After the Boston Massacre in 1770, yearly anniversary meetings were held at the church until 1775, featuring speakers such as John Hancock and Dr. Joseph Warren. In 1773, 5,000 people met in the Meeting House to debate British taxation and, after the meeting, a group raided three tea ships anchored nearby in what became known as the Boston Tea Party.

Lt Col Samuel Birch leading the 17th Dragoons in the Old South Meeting House, Boston

In October 1775, led by Lt Col Samuel Birch of the 17th Dragoons, the British occupied the Meeting House due to its association with the Revolutionary cause. They gutted the building, filled it with dirt, and then used the interior to practice horse riding. They destroyed much of the interior and stole various items, including William Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation (1620), a unique Pilgrim manuscript hidden in Old South's tower. After the British evacuated Boston, the plan for rebuilding the interior of the church was drawn by Thomas Dawes.[4]

Old South Meeting House was almost destroyed in the Great Boston Fire of 1872. As the fire approached the historic structure, Boston firefighting crews, understanding the importance of the building to the history of Boston and the nation, staged a massive effort to protect it. Aided by the arrival of fire companies from across New England, the firefighters took heroic measures to extinguish the flames after a twelve-hour battle, saving Old South and stopping the fire before it reached other historic buildings and residential neighborhoods. As the city rebuilt, the congregation sought out a quieter neighborhood, away from the bustling commercial area near OSMH. The congregation built a new church building (the "New" Old South Church in the Back Bay, at Copley Square), which remains its home to this day. In 1877, a group of twenty women, including the philanthropist Mary Hemenway (who used $100,000 of her own funds) and Mary Tyler (allegedly the inspiration for the poem "Mary Had a Little Lamb"),[5] raised money and helped pass legislation to preserve and save the Meeting House. By 1910, preservation work was transferred to the Old South Association through aid from the Mary Hemenway Foundation. The Old South congregation returns to Old South Meeting House for services in its ancestral home once a year, on the Sunday before Thanksgiving.

The steeple

Ministers

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Notable congregants

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Museum (1877–present)

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Old South Meeting House has been an important gathering place for nearly three centuries. Renowned for the protest meetings held here before the American Revolution when the building was termed a mouth-house, this National Historic Landmark has long served as a platform for the free expression of ideas. Today, the Old South Meeting House is open daily as a museum and continues to provide a place for people to meet, discuss and act on important issues of the day. The stories of the men and women who are part of Old South's vital heritage reveal why the Old South Meeting House occupies an enduring place in the history of the United States.

The museum and historic site is located at the intersection of Washington and Milk Streets and can be visited for a nominal sum. It is located near the State Street, Downtown Crossing and Park Street MBTA (subway) stations.

The Old South Meeting House is claimed to be the second oldest establishment existent in the United States. It is currently under consideration for local landmark status by the Boston Landmarks Commission.[23]

In 2020 the former caretaker of Old South Meeting House (the Old South Association in Boston) merged with the Bostonian Society, forming Revolutionary Spaces, which now manages both Old South Meeting House and the Old State House.[24]

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  • Joseph Sewall, minister ca.1713–1769
    Joseph Sewall, minister ca.1713–1769
  • Thomas Prince, minister ca.1718–1758; portrait by Joseph Badger (courtesy American Antiquarian Society)
    Thomas Prince, minister ca.1718–1758; portrait by Joseph Badger (courtesy American Antiquarian Society)
  • View of Old South from Congress Street in 1808 (conjectural illustration)
    View of Old South from Congress Street in 1808 (conjectural illustration)
  • 1835
    1835
  • Jacob Manning, minister ca.1857–1872
    Jacob Manning, minister ca.1857–1872
  • After the fire (Old South at left), 1872
    After the fire (Old South at left), 1872
  • After the fire, 1872
    After the fire, 1872
  • Old South Meeting House, ca. 1877
    Old South Meeting House, ca. 1877
  • ca.1898
    ca.1898
  • Washington & Milk St., 1900
    Washington & Milk St., 1900

See also

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References

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Notes

  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. ^ John Galvin puts that number as high as 8,000 (Three Men of Boston, New York: Thomas Cromwell, 1976, p. 268).
  3. ^ Bridgeman, Thomas (1856). The Pilgrims of Boston and their Descendants. New York: D. Appleton and Company. pp. 54–58. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
  4. ^ Eckley, Joseph. "Obituary: Sketch of the Character of the Late Hon. Thomas Dawes, Esq.," 1809, Boston Athenaeum Library, Tracts B438, B1213.
  5. ^ "Sterling Historical Society Shows Off Town Artifacts at Annual Meeting". July 19, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2024.
  6. ^ WorldCat. Thacher, Thomas 1620-1678
  7. ^ WorldCat. Willard, Samuel 1640-1707
  8. ^ WorldCat. Pemberton, Ebenezer 1672-1717
  9. ^ WorldCat. Sewall, Joseph 1688-1769
  10. ^ WorldCat. Prince, Thomas 1687-1758
  11. ^ WorldCat. Cumming, A. (Alexander) 1726-1763
  12. ^ Cyclopaedia of Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical literature. 1894
  13. ^ Weis, Frederick Lewis. Colonial Clergy of the Middle Colonies, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania 1628-1776 (PDF). American Antiquarian Society.
  14. ^ New England historical & genealogical register, v.26. 1872
  15. ^ WorldCat. Eckley, Joseph 1750-1811
  16. ^ WorldCat. Huntington, Joshua 1786-1819
  17. ^ WorldCat. Wisner, Benjamin B. (Benjamin Blydenburg) 1794-1835
  18. ^ WorldCat. Stearns, Samuel H. (Samuel Horatio) 1801-1837
  19. ^ Bowen's picture of Boston, 3rd ed. 1888.
  20. ^ WorldCat. Blagden, George W. (George Washington) 1802-1884
  21. ^ "Boston Pulpit". Gleasons Pictorial. 5. Boston, Mass. 1853.
  22. ^ WorldCat. Manning, Jacob M. (Jacob Merrill) 1824-1882
  23. ^ "Status of petitions to the Boston landmarks commission for designation as landmarks and districts" (PDF). Retrieved June 7, 2024.
  24. ^ "News & Press". Revolutionary Spaces. Retrieved April 29, 2020.

Further reading

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Old South Meeting House.
Preceded by Locations along Boston's Freedom Trail
Old South Meeting House 		Succeeded by
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