Talk:Santiago Calatrava

Untitled

Is there a agreed-on format for listing works and publications for architects? The syntax and structure is very different from architect to architect. If anyone could point me to a featured article for a notable figure with works/publications listings, I would be glad to transpose the formatting to various personalities articles. --Junesix 18:28, Aug 26, 2004 (UTC)

BCE Place Photos

I have some photos of BCE place I am willing to give to the Wikipedia.

http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/show/BCEPlaceGalleria.jpg http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/show/Panorama-BCE-Galleria.jpg

How do I go about uploading and linking these photos?

Please let me know if you want them or need higher resolution images, my mail is: elf <at> ee.ryerson.ca

Click "upload file" in the panel to the left, then follow the instructions... you need to release the photos under GFDL. Once they've been loaded you can link them in the article using standard image wiki markup. Graham 08:46, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

But importantly, you also need to have a user account. Fortunately it is very easy to set up a user account. The only information that is needed is to make up a username and password. Go to User login, fill out the form and click the 'create account' button. Once you are logged in, you should be able to use the toolbox with the 'Upload file' link on the left.

The photos look good by the way. -- Solipsist 09:45, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

And which one of these photos show Santiago Calatrava?

beginning

I worked on the beginning. made it more Wikified. Reduced unsourced discussion about influences. It still needs a lot of work.Brosi 01:33, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Brosi, when you "Reduced unsourced discussion about influences." you removed "Calatrava was influenced by the French/Swiss architect Le Corbusier, whose Notre Dame du Haut chapel caused Calatrava to examine how complex form could be understood and generated in architecture." and added "Calatrava, however, was also influenced by the work of Minimalist artists like Donald Judd." among other unsourced discussion about influences. Do you see the humour in that? And while I'm here please use edit summaries so others can see what you intend with your edits more easily. Thanks, DVD+ R/W 15:48, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

I get the point: oops. I was checking the literature on Calatrava and LeCorbusier, but so far, as I suspected, nothing. As far as Judd, that came from a lecture Calatrava himself gave -maybe about 5 years ago - that I happened to hear in Boston. I guess I can cite the lecture and date. Will try to get the info.Brosi 01:30, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Np, I believe you went to a Calatrava lecture, but if 65.100.149.4 (talk · contribs) said they studied with Calatrava at ETH Zurich and listened to him make statements to that effect and observed him studying LC in depth, I'd probably believe that too. Either is still sketchy in terms of verifiability unless the lecture was transcribed or the hypothetical 65.100.149.4 info published. Neither is really a problem they just seem speculative until documented. DVD+ R/W 03:35, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Point well taken. I will take it out. And to get a real fix on this, I will email Calatrava. He gave me his card so let's see if he responds.Brosi 01:43, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Photo

Was anyone noticed this supremely good photo at WP:FIC? thought you might make use of it (get it open to full size and look at it first thought)-

--Mcginnly | Natter 01:15, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Wow, that is one hell-of-a-photo.Brosi 15:16, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Put the photo in and rearranged, but when I saved the text size got reduced. Can't quite figure out how to restore size. I will add some more on his career.Brosi 17:02, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

People have no taste

How can anyone like this style of architecture? It's terrible! The new building that he's putting up in Chicago looks like a giant dildo! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.88.109.121 (talk) 23:39, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

Life is pain. Grow with it. Anyway, personal tastes got no place in Wikipedia. --213.37.71.217 (talk) 15:44, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

JK —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.27.118.185 (talk) 01:12, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

Calatrava in Venice

I don't have enough information to add myself, but I'd like to warn the contributors of this page that the Calatrava bridge in Venice has been opened. Because of the criticism, no opening ceremony was held: people just found it open one day. Mild criticism is still going on, and some modifications will be made: for instance, some glass floor parts should be replaced by stone and probably a tactile path for the blind will be added. But the bridge is definitely open. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.205.81.1 (talk) 10:29, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

Career (US building)

"The Quadracci Pavilion (2001) of the Milwaukee Art Museum was his first US building"

I thought Shadow Machine (1992), New York, was his first US building. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.56.139.55 (talk) 14:18, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

Peace Bridge in Calgary

"Public disclosure of Peace Bridge was made on July 28, 2009 to the public and praised as a sleek, elegant contribution to downtown Calgary." – The bridge was actually widely criticized, especially because of the high price which some felt was unnecessary considering the current amount of pedestrian bridges over the Bow. I'd like to revise this, but am unsure how to best rewrite it. Thoughts? Nich148 9 (talk) 05:19, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

Recognition and Awards

In the subject "recognition" it's stated that he received the "Médaille d'Argent de la Recherche et de la Technique" in 1990. The only source I found was on his biography on his website andall other sites had the same information, always copy-pasted (I can tell it beacuse the had all had the same "d´Argent" instead of "d’Argent" or "d'Argent"). This award is released by the Académie d'Architecture, but on their database I can't find anything about it. And the database goes back till the beginning of the XX century. Now, I don't think that Calatrava needs to fake some award, by why can't I find a reliable source? Moreover, in the subject "Awards" the aforementioned award is not cited. What should we do? How can we find some other source? Tomaradze (talk) 20:53, 23 May 2011 (UTC)

File:Calatrava final.jpg Nominated for speedy Deletion

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File:JEP070916InsideGuilleminsStation.jpg Nominated for Deletion

An image used in this article, File:JEP070916InsideGuilleminsStation.jpg, has been nominated for deletion at Wikimedia Commons in the following category: Deletion requests January 2012 What should I do? Don't panic; a discussion will now take place over on Commons about whether to remove the file. This gives you an opportunity to contest the deletion, although please review Commons guidelines before doing so. If the image is non-free then you may need to upload it to Wikipedia (Commons does not allow fair use) If the image isn't freely licensed and there is no fair use rationale then it cannot be uploaded or used. This notification is provided by a Bot --CommonsNotificationBot (talk) 16:44, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

Time Capsule in NYC

My family just saw the time capsule outside of the American Museum of Natural History in NYC. Calatrava won a design competition sponsored by the New York Times. The stainless steel capsule was sealed in 2000 and is slated to be opened in 3000. Perhaps someone would like to put a small note on his page. Here is a reference: http://partners.nytimes.com/library/magazine/millennium/m6/design-calatrava.html.

I have an image I could upload, but it's not very good. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Zebranih (talk • contribs) 14:14, 1 June 2013 (UTC)

I just took a look, following your URL reference. The "Times Capsule" certainly is notable, and ought to be mentioned in this article, with references. A clear picture of its appearance would definitely be helpful, as a verbal description seems inadequate. Reify-tech (talk) 19:53, 12 June 2014 (UTC)

Updates and additions

See note below. Would an editor mind reviewing my proposed additions for this article? Would you mind making the edits or giving a green light to do so myself? Nyakushev (talk) 16:37, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

I work for Rubenstein Communications and I propose the following updates on behalf of Santiago Calatrava. In keeping with BLP rules, some of the information given on this page is innacurate, out of date, or out of context, and should be updated. To mitigate conflict of interest issues, I ask that an editor review these edits and take them live, as they see fit. For ease of reading, edits and additions are in green. Nyakushev (talk) 14:18, 30 May 2014 (UTC)

This looks like some major whitewashing to me. You put a positive spin on everything, removing reliable sources that have to say less than favorable things about Calatrava and flat-out contradicting others. Wikipedia is not the place for propaganda of this kind. If there are BLP concerns, please be more specific: What information is inaccurate, out of date or out of context? Huon (talk) 23:16, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

Huon: I am not suggesting that any sources be removed – every existing comment and source remains in place. Rather, I am suggesting updates where facts have changed, where there are basic mistakes, and where balance is required. At the moment the page does not give an accurate reflection of Santiago Calatrava in the middle of 2014.

On updates, for example: major new projects have been announced; legal cases have developed further or been resolved; new awards have been made; new projects near completion.

On factual mistakes, for example: his residence is wrong; the list of offices is wrong; details about is education need amending; various projects are wrongly labeled.

On balance, for example: high-profile legal cases need to be discussed; important newspaper profiles in major New York outlets need to be reflected; and unchallenged assertions need balance.

I have attempted to provide the most objective, factual changes possible in order to reflect the career of Santiago Calatrava as it stands now. Nyakushev (talk) 15:42, 4 June 2014 (UTC)

You're not suggesting sources be removed? Then I seem to misunderstand what you are suggesting. Take the second paragraph of the "career" section: ... six years behind schedule, at a cost of $4 billion, twice the original budget. Your suggestion below still has that very sentence, but I don't see it citing the New York Times article any more that's currently used for that line. The NYT report that also put blame on Calatrava's problematic designs that called for "hugely difficult construction" wasn't relevant context? Also gone: The de zeen magazine article which cited the judge in the Spanish website lawsuit stating that the website published "objective truths". That now reads: "Calatrava successfully launched a legal action against Blanco’s United Left party for defamation, disputing the content on this site." - If that's not meant to imply that the content, not just the name, of the website was successfully disputed, it's surprisingly misleading. Also, the source you added just quotes a lengthy "statement" they received, likely a press release by Calatrava himself. That's not a reliable source. Added have been lots of weasel words such as "It has been said the Bilbao Airport lacks an arrivals hall..." - that's not just some wild rumor; it has been reported by the New York Times, a reliable source by any standard, and it's a statement of fact, not opinion. The NYT even reports on the measures taken to alleviate the lack of an arrivals hall. For the claim you added that Calatrava did include an arrivals hall you did not provide any sources at all. Wikipedia should go with what reliable secondary sources report when they contradict primary sources (such as Calatrava himself).

For the corrections you suggest, the residence, the offices, the education, you do not cite any sources. Regarding the balance, I found your draft's severely lacking. Regarding the updates you may have a point, but being outdated is not a BLP violation. Huon (talk) 16:30, 4 June 2014 (UTC)

Thank you for the reply, Huon.

Firstly, on sources, the New York Times report now appears two paragraphs down but of course I would be happy to see it appear immediately after the words ending with “the original budget”, as you suggest. The De Zeen article you raise was added to the article after I posted my suggested edits, as noted on that edit’s time stamp. Again, I would be happy for this to appear wherever you feel appropriate.

Secondly, on factual changes, I will add a reference to answer your question on education from the architect’s website [2]. Regarding his residence and offices, these are simple factual statements that I do not believe require sources and must surely be non-controversial. Please note the incorrect residence and office list on the current page do not cite any sources. Calatrava does not have an office in Paris but he does in Doha, and he lives in Zurich.

Thirdly, regarding general balance, again, the intention with my edits is to produce a more accurate and balanced site overall. I believe that the edits I suggest should be read in the context of the site as it currently stands, not specifically as standalone edits. In other words, I hope and believe that my edits will bring balance to the page.

However, the reason I posted suggested changes to the talk page and asked for editor guidance was to ensure that this balance was achieved. With that in mind, I would be grateful if you could set out your thoughts on what wording you think would be suitable and perhaps we can achieve a result that users will be happy with. Nyakushev (talk) 14:25, 5 June 2014 (UTC)

I also am concerned about the possible removal of selected footnotes without good reason, and the proposed addition of rebuttals, explanations, and other changes without footnotes to WP:RS. I do agree that the article has a serious need of updating. Perhaps the non-controversial facts could be corrected immediately, while the more-problematic sections are better-referenced and more carefully rewritten in a balanced fashion. As noted at the top of this Talk page, this article is considered very important by multiple Wikiprojects, implying that there are many editors watching, who may wish to contribute to improving this article. After taking care of non-controversial factual updates, improving the footnotes (especially references to reliable secondary sources) would be a way of making visible progress towards our shared goals. Reify-tech (talk) 16:34, 5 June 2014 (UTC)

Sorry if this question proves how amateur I am at this. But it appears from the discussion above that the edits requested are held to a different standard than the text originally present in the article. Thus, while Huon questions edits such as where Mr. Calatrava has his offices because there is no external source, no external source is cited in the current listing of his office. I would think that the Architect's own webpage would be more than enough to figure out where the offices are. In other areas, such as the arrivals area in the Bilbao airport, I would think that, rather than a NYTimes article which, in an interestingly circular fashion, cites the Communist Party's website, and thus mutually validate each other, the owner's direct webpage, in which the airport layout is shown, and which shows an arrivals and a waiting area, would eliminate the dispute. Again, reading this discussion, I sense a clear double standard. (By the way, while I am wirting this anonimously because I can't seem to find my password, my user name is Nachofon)... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 38.98.96.194 (talk) 18:08, 12 June 2014 (UTC)

You're right in that we shouldn't have unsourced information in the article at all. However, that's not a valid reason to change it into other unsourced information. If the architect's own website gives his place of residence, we can certainly use it as a source for that information. However, Wikipedia prefers secondary sources over primary sources; when the NYT reports that Calatrava's building did not include an arrivals hall (something they didn't just quote the Communist Party website for), that's what we'll report. Huon (talk) 21:28, 12 June 2014 (UTC)

Reify-tech - Since you suggest the non-controversial facts could be corrected immediately (offices, education, projects, awards etc), would you mind making those edits? While there are many editors watching, few have contributed to this talk page discussion. How do you suggest improving the sections where I have suggested additions to bring overall balance, but which seem to require more discussion? Nyakushev (talk) 18:16, 13 June 2014 (UTC)

I am very keen to engage editors in a constructive dialogue about these proposed changes, which is why I originally posted suggestions here. I am also keen that others take the lead on updating the page - again, which is why I posted suggestions here.

However, I am also mindful that the page contains basic mistakes and missing factual information that undermines the accuracy of the page for people that rely on Wikipedia. It is not a case of wanting simply an up-to-date page, but an accurate page. With this in mind, unless there are any objections (and please do say if there are), I will update the page with the following material in the next 2 days:

• In the introduction - Santiago Calatrava is an architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter and has offices in New York, Doha and Zurich, where he resides.
• In early life and education - he received a doctorate in civil engineering.
• In recent projects - details of the new projects not yet discussed: the St. Nicholas Church; Sharq Crossing; the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge; the Florida Polytechnic University; and the Museum of Tomorrow.
• In the projects sections - moving some projects from under construction / planned to their updated status now.
• In recognition - a list of prizes and honorary degrees.
• In Calatrava as sculptor - details on Calatrava’s recent exhibitions.

The words I will use are those set out in talk page already.

These seem to me to be uncontroversial factual updates. Not all have secondary sources attached – for example the list of offices and the list of awards – but, realistically, details such as these are unlikely to appear in any single place other than on an organization’s corporate page. While I understand the desire for secondary sourcing, to reduce the prospect of editorializing, I can’t see how lists of basic information could be anything other than helpful to the public.

That said, I would be grateful for suggestions or comments on this.

I have kept away from those areas where editors have suggested more discussion is required. I would be grateful for suggestions on how we might move this forward. If not, I will post further suggestions for discussion to the talk page in the next couple of days for comment. Nyakushev (talk) 15:34, 23 June 2014 (UTC)

Intro

The office list and residence are inaccurate.

Should read:

Santiago Calatrava Valls (Valencian pronunciation: [santiˈaɣo kalaˈtɾava ˈvaʎs], born 28 July 1951) is a Spanish architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter. He has offices in New York City, Doha and Zurich, Switzerland, where he now resides.

Early life and education

Suggesting a slight rewording regarding degrees received:

Calatrava was born in Benimàmet, an old municipality now integrated as an urban part of Valencia, Spain, where he received a degree in architecture at the Polytechnic University of Valencia. There he completed independent projects with fellow students, publishing two books on the vernacular architecture of Valencia and Ibiza. In 1975 he enrolled in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Switzerland for a second degree in civil engineering. In 1981, after receiving his doctorate in civil engineering for his thesis, "On the Foldability of Space Frames", he started his architecture and engineering practice.

Career

The 2nd paragraph should be expanded for clarity and accuracy:

Calatrava has designed a futuristic train station, the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, at the rebuilt World Trade Center in New York City. It is expected to open in 2015. Changes made to the World Trade Center reconstruction project – for example, because of even greater security requirements – have resulted in the reconstruction effort being six years behind schedule, at a cost of $4 billion, twice the original budget. In March 2014, the Daily News reported a “top-ranking Port Authority official” believes that additional features had perhaps doubled the cost: "The source estimated the project without its nontransit components would cost at least half what it does today."

The 2nd to last and last paragraphs ("In May 2012..." and "In March 2013...") should also be edited and expanded for accuracy and clarity:

Citing a violation of his right to privacy and honor, Calatrava GmbH engaged in, and won, a legal action against the far left-wing political party United Left, based in Valencia, over claims made against Santiago Calatrava personally, as well as his work. In his judgment, the Honourable Judge M.A. Casañ Llopis ordered that the website be removed and that Esquerra Unida must pay €30,000 in damages to Calatrava. Through their website, certain members of the regional parliament from the minority left wing party United Left - Esquerra Unida accused Calatrava of

'bleeding Valencia dry'. According to the website, Calatrava’s business has charged some €100m (£81m) to the Valencia government. The party says it has managed to see copies of bills paid by the People's party regional government to the architect, who is now based in Zurich and therefore out of the immediate reach of Spanish courts. Calatrava has resided in Zurich since 1975.

In March 2013, an Italian administrative court started a procedure for a hearing to identify the source of cost over-runs for a bridge Venice designed and donated by Calatrava.

Recent Projects

Suggestion additions:

St. Nicholas Church

Santiago Calatrava was awarded the contract to rebuild the St. Nicholas Church in downtown New York City, which had been destroyed on 9/11. Construction is expected to begin in 2014 and it is hoped that the St. Nicholas congregation will be able to celebrate Easter in the church in 2017.

The church will be created from steel and concrete but the exterior will be clad in stone. In designing the church, Calatrava was said to be inspired by Byzantine churches of the past, including the Haghia Sophia in Istanbul. The interior design of the church is still being determined.

Sharq Crossing

In December 2013, the city of Doha awarded Calatrava the Sharq Crossing in Doha, Qatar - his biggest project to date. The project will see three interconnecting bridges - spanning almost ten kilometers – connect the city’s cultural district in the north of the city to Hamad International Airport and the central business district in West Bay. The bridges will be able to carry 2,000 vehicles per lane per hour and are connected by a series of undersea tunnels to keep the traffic flow moving. The three bridges would be between 600 and 1,310m in length and the undersea tunnels would be between 8 and 9km long.

The crossing is partly designed to ease traffic in this fast-growing city, but the West Bay Bridge – a double-decked bridge – also incorporates a recreational part that can be accessed by an elevated walkway. This will offer views of the city and will offer hospitality facilities that connect to the central business district.

The project has been described by authorities in Qatar as being one of the most ambitious engineering projects undertaken in the Middle East, creating up to 15,000 jobs. Work is scheduled to start in 2015 to open in time for the 2022 World Cup in Qatar.

Suggested additions for "Trinity River Bridges":

Calatrava's work includes three bridges that will eventually span the Trinity River in Dallas, Texas. The first bridge, the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge, named after donor Margaret Hunt Hill, was open for traffic in March 2012. If the remaining bridges are completed, Dallas will join the Dutch county of Haarlemmermeer in having three Calatrava bridges.

Work on the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge was started in 2007 and completed in 2012 . The bridge has a 40-story center arch, which is a feature of the Dallas skyline.

Suggested additions for "Florida Polytechnic University":

On 16 June 2009, it was announced that Calatrava would be designing the first building of the new University of South Florida Polytechnic campus in Lakeland, Florida. This will be his first work in the southeastern United States. The university is now Florida Polytechnic University scheduled to open in August 2014. As of 2013, construction of the campus is well under way on Interstate 4 between Tampa and Orlando. The Polytechnic will accept its first students in August 2014.

Calatrava has been responsible for the masterplan of the campus as well as the main building. The campus sits on 170 acres of land which once contained phosphorous mines, many of which have been filled with water creating small lakes. Some of these are being enlarged to create a major lake at the center of the campus.

The main building – the Innovation, Science and Technology building – will be arranged over two floors of an area of 200,000 square feet. It will house classrooms, labs, faculty offices and meeting spaces and will be provide the Polytechnic’s primary needs until additional buildings are added.

The project was completed for a fixed-price of $60m and is projected to come in under budget. The backdrop of the polytechnic building was recently used in a commercial for Chrysler Ram trucks.

Add:

Museum of Tomorrow, Rio de Janeiro With Rio due to host a series of major events in the next few years, a number of high profile construction projects were commissioned. Calatrava was responsible for the design of the Museum of Tomorrow, part of a major development on the waterfront. The museum – set on the Pier Maua, and over 130,000 square feet in size – will focus on the issues of science and sustainability, and look at possibilities for the future. The building will have a number of "green" features, including pools to capture rainwater for use in the plumbing system, and also pools that naturally filter water from the bay.

Notable works - Under construction/proposed

Some projects on this list have changed in status. See notes:

• Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Oviedo, Spain - This project should be moved to the "Built" list as it was completed in 2011
• Maastricht University Campus, Maastricht, Netherlands - This project should be moved to "Unbuilt"
• Palma de Mallorca's Opera, Spain - This project should be moved to "Unbuilt"

Porposed additions for the "Under construction/proposed" list:

• Yuan Ze University, Taipei, Taiwan
• The Marina Arechis Port Village, Salerno, Italy
• Station Emilia, Italy
• Margaret McDermott Bridge, Dallas, Texas, U.S.

Recognition

Proposed expansion of first sentence:

Calatrava has received numerous recognitions for his design and engineering work, for example for his use of steel and concrete. In 1988...

Proposed addition for end of introductory section:

Calatrava has received a total of twenty honorary degrees in recognition of his work. In 2013, Calatrava was awarded an honorary doctorate from Georgia Institute of Technology, an award that has only been given to a small number of people.

Awards

Add:

• 1987 UIA Auguste Perret Prize
• 1988 City of Barcelona Art Prize
• 1991 Award for Good Building
• 1992 Brunel Award
• 1992 VI Dragados y Construcciones Prize
• 1993 Urban Design Award
• 1995 Canton of Lucerne Award for Good Building
• 1997 ECCS European Steel Design Award• 1998 Brunel Award
• 1999 Canadian Consulting Engineering Awards: Building and Structures
• 2000 Das Goldene Dach
• 2001 ECCS European Steel Design Award 2001
• 2002 Best Large Structure, Excellence in Structural Engineering Design Award
• 2002 Il Principe e l’Architetto
• 2003 The Silver Beam Award
• 2003 ECCS European Steel Design Award
• 2004 NCSEA Outstanding Project Award
• 2004 IABSE Outstanding Structure Award
• 2005 ECCS European Steel Design Award (for the Olympic Stadium, Athens)
• 2005 ECCS European Steel Design Award (for the Three Bridges over the Hoofdvart in the Netherlands)
• 2005 MIPIM Award
• 2006 ESCN European Award for Excellence in Concrete (for the Turning Torso in Malmo)
• 2006 ESCN European Award for Excellence in Concrete (for the Liege-Guillemins station in Belgium)
• 2006 Premio Nacional de Arcquitectura
• 2006 fib Award for Outstanding Concrete Structures
• 2006 Sidney L. Strauss Award
• 2006 Leadership Award, New York Building Congress
• 2006 Premio Nacional de Ingenieria Civil
• 2007 “Hijo Predilecto”, Municipality of Valencia
• 2007 Urban Visionaries Award
• 2007 Premio Nacional de Arcquitectura
• 2008 Gran Cruz de la Orden de Jaume
• 2009 Gresol Foundation Award
• 2009 ECCS European Steel Design Award
• 2009 Golden Belgian Building Award
• 2010 Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service
• 2010 Honorary Citizen of the City of Liege
• 2010 Project of the Decade Real Estate Award, The Business Journal
• 2011 Certificate of Brevet Wallonie
• 2012 AIA National Medal
• 2012 ECCS European Award for Steel Bridges
• 2013 CIS ICCA – Canadian Institute of Steel Construction, Steel Design Awards of Excellence

Relocate to an "Honorary degrees" list:

• 1997 Honoris Causa degree awarded by Delft University of Technology
• 2007 Honorary Engineering Degree from Columbia University
• 2013 Honorary Doctoral degree from Georgia institute of technology

Add to an "Honorary degrees" list:

• 1993 Honorary Degree from Universidad Politecnica de Valencia
• 1994 Honorary Degree from Heriot-Watt University
• 1994 Honorary Degree from University of Seville
• 1995 Honorary Degree from University of Salford
• 1996 Honorary Degree from University of Strathclyde
• 1997 Honorary Degree from Milwaukee School of Engineering
• 1999 Honorary Degree from Lund University
• 1999 Honorary Degree from Universita degli Studi di Ferrara
• 2004 Honorary Degree from Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
• 2005 Honorary Degree from Southern Methodist University
• 2005 Honorary Degree from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
• 2008 Honorary Degree from Tel Aviv University
• 2009 Honorary Degree from Oxford University
• 2009 Honorary Degree from University Camilo Jose Cela
• 2010 Honorary Degree from Universite de Liege
• 2012 Honorary Degree from Pratt Institute

Calatrava as sculptor

Proposed addition:

...entitled Santiago Calatrava: Sculpture Into Architecture. In 2012, the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg held an exhibition of his work and this was followed up by an exhibition at the Vatican Museum in Rome. The Marlborough Gallery in New York is set to exhibit Calatrava’s work in May 2014. Eight of his sculptures will also be displayed along Park Avenue in New York City in the spring of 2015, between 52nd and 55th Streets. Exhibitions of his work have also taken place in Germany, England, Spain, Italy and elsewhere.

Criticism

Proposed additions for clarity and accuracy:

In September 2013, the New York Times published an article on Santiago Calatrava, detailing criticisms made against him. A significant amount of the claims made against Calatrava came from political activists in Spain from the far-left “United Left” party. Many of these claims are strongly disputed by Calatrava’s office, and many are said to be demonstrably false.

Calatrava's projects have often been completed late and well over budget, resulting several times in real or threatened litigation against him. The World Trade Center Transportation Hub in New York is expected to be complete in 2015, six years behind schedule, for a cost of $4 billion, twice what was expected , although higher costs are reported to be attributed to extensive changes in key elements of the project, such as greatly enhanced security. According to a top-ranking official at the Port Authority, without additional “non-transit” components, the project would cost at least half of what it costs today.

The City of Arts and Sciences complex in his native Valencia ultimately cost around €900 million, almost triple what was originally budgeted, over a 13-year period. Ignacio Blanco, an opposition member of the Valencian provincial parliament for United Left, estimates that the city, financially strapped as a result of country's ongoing economic crisis and unwise spending, still owes €700 million. Blanco has started a website, calatravatelaclava.com, meaning "Calatrava rips you off" in Catalan, highlighting the architect's propensity for these cost and schedule overruns. Calatrava successfully launched a legal action against Blanco’s United Left party for defamation, disputing the content on this site.

Some of his work has additionally been criticized for impracticality. The metal arches he puts over landscaped gardens, critics say, are beautiful but grow too hot in the sun for vines to grow around them. In Bilbao, the bridge's glass tiles are prone to break and get slippery in the local weather, leading The New York Times to dub it "The Bridge of Broken Legs", due to the many accidents that occurred. The compensation payments which followed finally compelled the local administration to add anti-slip treads to its decking, covering the lighting from underneath that was the bridge's selling point. Critics have claimed that in the City of Arts and Sciences' opera house, 150 seats have partially obstructed views. However, images of the opera house’s seating show the quality of the views available to the audience. "[R]ather than searching for functionality or customer satisfaction, he aims for singularity," complains the head of Bilbao's architectural association. "[He] is above and beyond the client." Blanco points to the minimal design notes the architect provides in comparison to his peers.

Critics claim other buildings have been built without essential features. It has been said the Bilbao Airport lacks an arrivals hall, so a glass wall had to be built to shelter passengers waiting on the street after clearing customs and picking up their bags.

Calatrava adamantly disputes the claim and has stated that the Sondica airport was operational with an arrivals hall for years. Following the introduction of the European Union’s Schengen Treaty and the increased tourist traffic in Bilbao, Calatrava was commissioned to undertake the expansion project necessary to deal with additional passenger numbers – an arrivals hall and waiting area were again included.

Calatrava’s critics say Valencia's science museum was originally missing fire escapes or elevators to provide accessibility; they were later added by Calatrava at public expense. "He was paid even when repairing his own mistakes," Blanco complains. But Calatrava says that fire escapes and elevators were always included and that facilities were developed in collaboration with the Fire Department in Valencia. Calatrava commissioned an extensive study during the planning stages of the museum’s development to ensure that it was fully compliant with fire and safety codes.

Some Calatrava projects have shown visible problems within a few years of completion. It was inevitable, another Valencia architect wrote, that the mosaic Calatrava put on the wall of the City of Arts and Sciences' opera house as a tribute to Antonio Gaudi would buckle as the steel it was affixed to heated up. The city was contemplating a lawsuit against Calatrava and the builders over the wrinkles that have appeared. However, in April 2014, an inquiry into problems with the cladding on the Calatrava-designed opera house in Valencia, which had started to break off in storms over Christmas 2013, found the application of the adhesive material used by the building contractors was the cause, and not the fault of Calatrava.

A councilor in the Dutch city of Haarlemmermeer called for the city to sue Calatrava over the three bridges he designed over its main canal, which not only cost double their budget but have required far more maintenance than originally anticipated. This was, however, dismissed by the local authority of Haarlemmermeer within three days of the councilor’s request. The local authority made it clear that Calatrava was not liable for extra costs.

A bridge over the Grand Canal in Venice has all the problems of Calatrava's projects highlighted by his critics. Starting in 1996, when Calatrava donated his design to the city of Venice, it took 12 years to build the bridge and went through numerous structural changes, because of the mechanical instability of the structure and the excessive weight of the bridge, which, according to critics, would cause the banks of the canal to fail. Despite these claims, the bridge has not shown any structural problems to date. Experts have quantified the probability of any failure from Calatrava’s design to 1 in 87,000 million. In 10 years the project was inspected by more than eight consultants and the cost had risen to three times the original expectations. The finished bridge has been criticized for its impractical design; it has many steps embedded in its relatively steep pavement, which makes it uncomfortable to walk on, especially for the elderly. It has been noted, however, that few, if any, of the other bridges in Venice are accessible to people with walking difficulties. Moreover, it does not have a ramp, so that it cannot be used by wheelchair users, like the overwhelming majority of other bridges in Venice. The city has sued Calatrava over both the cost overruns on the original construction and the excessive maintenance costs incurred since then. Cignoni, in turn, has argued that a portion of the overcosts were due to design issues with Calatrava’s design. Calatrava is actively disputing this in court. The auditor of the city of Venice is currently seeking reimbursement from Cignoni for over EUR3,5000,000 for cost overruns, and is also alleging that Calatrava may be responsible for EUR400,000 in increased maintenance expenses. Calatrava also disputes this claim and the case is still being litigated.

The Domecq Group has sued Calatrava and the building company Ferrovial to pay for the repairs in the cover of the 2001 Ysios winery in Alavan Rioja, Spain. The aluminium and cedar cover leaks water, causing humidity inside that is detrimental to wine production. Elsewhere in Spain, in 2013 Calatrava and his associates were ordered to pay the developer of a convention center in the city of Oviedo €3.3 million for damages incurred when a convention center collapsed while under construction. The sentence has since been partially confirmed on appeal, though slightly reduced to just under €3 million. Calatrava has appealed this decision to the Spanish Supreme Court, arguing that the party responsible for the loss, the general contractor, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the developer.

"My goal is always to create something exceptional that enhances cities and enriches the lives of the people who live and work in them," Calatrava told the Times in response to its article about his projects' many difficulties. He has claimed that his fees for his Valencia work were justified since they included his work as a project manager over 20 years' time, but did not address specific criticisms of its many defects. In an interview with Architectural Record he dismissed criticism there by Blanco and others as politically motivated. Other cities, like Dublin and Dallas, had been satisfied with his work and commissioned projects from him repeatedly, he noted. His supporters pointed out that Valencia's government has spent foolishly and extravagantly on other architects' work as well, such as its new airport which remains underused.

Recently, Calatrava won a case against the far left-wring party Esquerra Unida, for a violation of his right to privacy and honor over a website that was hostile to Calatrava. In his judgment, the Honourable Judge M.A. Casañ Llopis ordered that the website be removed and that Esquerra Unida must pay €30,000 in damages to Calatrava. He has also tried shutting up his underfunded Valencian critics by suing them for large monetary damages.

Thomas Hanrahan, dean of the Pratt Institute’s School of Architecture, said of Calatrava: "It’s total B.S. — every architect gets sued, every building leaks… But because Santiago’s work is so unusual, it’s easy for people to attack him.” Artist Frank Stella said: ‘He really does it all; he’s a Renaissance man… That’s why it’s hard. He knows what it takes to create art, but people actually have to inhabit his work, and you can’t always satisfy everyone."

Exhibits

Proposed addition:

A special exhibition was presented at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in March 2006. Calatrava has also exhibited at the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia, and the Vatican Museum - the first time the work of a living architect has been displayed at the Vatican. His work will also be exhibited at Marlborough Gallery later in 2014 and eight of his sculptures will appear on Park Avenue, between 52nd and 55th Streets, in the spring of 2015.

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I think that the reference to Franco's regime and the effects on Calatrava's carrers should be reviewed. Franco's regime ended in 1975, not in 1964 as it is in the text. Also why is this text regarding Calatrava's move to Paris between his childhood and his secondary school? I don't know enough and don't have the sources to edit the text but I am sure that this part is not correct. It should really be edited by someone who does have the knowledge and/or the sources. 151.182.85.101 (talk) 23:31, 23 March 2017 (UTC)sofiammribeiro

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