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1985 in music

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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1985.

Specific locations

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Specific genres

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Events

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January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Also in 1985

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  • Several hundreds of thousands of US dollars in publishing royalties are released to the surviving members, and families of the deceased members, of the British music group, Badfinger. Two band members, Pete Ham and Tom Evans, previously committed suicide due to financial problems.[citation needed]
  • Metal Edge magazine is launched.
  • Roger Waters announces his intention to leave Pink Floyd; describing the band as "a spent force creatively," he would spend the next two years in a legal battle with his now-former bandmates over the rights to the "Pink Floyd" name and other associated assets.

Bands formed

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Bands disbanded

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Albums released

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January–March

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Date Album Artist Notes
J
A
N
U
A
R
Y
10 Silvertone Chris Isaak -
15 Centerfield John Fogerty -
Nightshift Commodores -
21 King of Rock Run-D.M.C. -
Real Love Dolly Parton -
Thunder in the East Loudness Japan
24 Finder of Lost Loves Dionne Warwick -
25 Maverick George Thorogood and the Destroyers -
28 Crazy from the Heat David Lee Roth Covers EP
29 Stella Yello -
31 New Day Rising Hüsker Dü -
? 40-Hour Week Alabama -
Bring Me the Head of Yuri Gagarin Hawkwind Live 1973
Night Rocker David Hasselhoff -
One Clear Moment Linda Thompson -
Strange Animal Gowan -
Tales of the New West The Beat Farmers -
Warming Up to the Ice Age John Hiatt -
F
E
B
R
U
A
R
Y
4 Secret Secrets Joan Armatrading -
11 Night Time Killing Joke -
Meat Is Murder The Smiths -
The Firm The Firm Debut
12 Vision Quest Various Artists Soundtrack
14 Rhythm of the Night DeBarge -
Whitney Houston Whitney Houston Debut
15 Vulture Culture Alan Parsons Project -
18 No Jacket Required Phil Collins -
19 The Breakfast Club Various Artists Soundtrack
25 Songs from the Big Chair Tears for Fears -
26 Disturbing the Peace Alcatrazz -
28 Ready to Strike King Kobra Debut
? Armed and Dangerous Anthrax EP
VU The Velvet Underground Outtakes compilation
Beyond Appearances Santana -
Heads and Hearts The Sound (band) -
Love Bomb The Tubes -
M
A
R
C
H
4 She's the Boss Mick Jagger -
Aikea-Guinea Cocteau Twins EP
Metal Heart Accept -
8 Mars Needs Guitars! Hoodoo Gurus -
The Night I Fell in Love Luther Vandross -
11 Behind the Sun Eric Clapton -
Dream into Action Howard Jones -
First and Last and Always The Sisters of Mercy -
15 Everybody's Crazy Michael Bolton -
18 Birdy Peter Gabriel Soundtrack
21 Up on the Sun Meat Puppets -
22 Katrina and the Waves Katrina and the Waves -
Scream for Help John Paul Jones Soundtrack
25 The Power Station The Power Station -
The Secret of Association Paul Young -
26 The Right to Rock Keel -
Southern Accents Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers -
27 7800° Fahrenheit Bon Jovi -
Tao Rick Springfield -
29 Bad Moon Rising Sonic Youth -
Rogues Gallery Slade -
? Equator Uriah Heep -
Lost & Found (Jason & the Scorchers album) Jason & the Scorchers -
Vox Humana Kenny Loggins -

April–June

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Date Album Artist Notes
A
P
R
I
L
1 We Are the World USA for Africa and Various Artists
8 Hell Awaits Slayer -
15 Horror Epics The Exploited -
Love Not Money Everything but the Girl -
As the Band Turns Atlantic Starr -
22 Around the World in a Day Prince and the Revolution -
Backwaxed Anvil Compilation
23 Two Hearts Men at Work -
25 Bonded by Blood Exodus Debut
26 Nervous Night The Hooters -
29 Be Yourself Tonight Eurythmics -
Mr. Bad Guy Freddie Mercury -
? Across a Crowded Room Richard Thompson -
Nature of the Beast Maureen Steele Debut
Only the Strong Thor -
M
A
Y
1 Suzanne Vega Suzanne Vega -
3 Youthquake Dead or Alive -
9 Our Favourite Shop The Style Council titled Internationalists in US
13 Brother Where You Bound Supertramp -
Low-Life New Order -
On a Storyteller's Night Magnum -
15 Soldiers Under Command Stryper -
Unguarded Amy Grant -
17 Brothers in Arms Dire Straits -
20 Shaken 'n' Stirred Robert Plant -
7 Wishes Night Ranger -
Power of the Night Savatage -
Wide Awake in America U2 EP
What Does Anything Mean? Basically The Chameleons -
21 The Confessor Joe Walsh -
Glow Rick James -
27 The Return…… Bathory -
29 Hellbound Warlock -
? Loose Nut Black Flag -
Fear No Evil Grim Reaper -
Space Ritual Hawkwind Live 1972
Gravity Kenny G -
The Ballad of Sally Rose Emmylou Harris -
Le Parc Tangerine Dream -
More Places Forever David Thomas -
Music for "The Knee Plays" David Byrne Soundtrack
Theodore and Friends The Adventures -
J
U
N
E
3 Boys and Girls Bryan Ferry -
The Firstborn Is Dead Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds -
6 Long Way to Heaven Helix -
10 Little Creatures Talking Heads -
Hunting High and Low a-ha -
Fables of the Reconstruction R.E.M. -
The Beach Boys The Beach Boys -
Cupid & Psyche 85 Scritti Politti -
Empire Burlesque Bob Dylan -
12 Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good! Megadeth Debut
13 Invasion of Your Privacy Ratt -
14 World Wide Live Scorpions Live
Boy in the Box Corey Hart -
17 The Dream of the Blue Turtles Sting Solo Debut
Misplaced Childhood Marillion -
Crush Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark -
Single Life Cameo -
18 Dare to Be Stupid "Weird Al" Yankovic -
20 Welcome to the Real World Mr. Mister -
21 Heart Heart First album for Capitol
Despite Straight Lines Marilyn -
Theatre of Pain Mötley Crüe -
Thicker than Meatloaf Element Ethan -
24 Open Fire Y&T
27 Call of the Wild Lee Aaron -
? Steve McQueen Prefab Sprout US title: Two Wheels Good
The Fat Boys Are Back The Fat Boys -
Rites of Spring Rites of Spring -
Big Lizard in My Backyard The Dead Milkmen -
Spoiled Girl Carly Simon -

July–September

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Date Album Artist Notes
J
U
L
Y
1 Greatest Hits Volume I & II Billy Joel Compilation
Fly on the Wall AC/DC -
Clan of Xymox Clan of Xymox -
Extractions Dif Juz -
Return to Waterloo Ray Davies -
3 Patti Patti LaBelle -
8 Back to the Future Various Artists Soundtrack
Flash Jeff Beck -
9 Who's Zoomin' Who? Aretha Franklin -
12 Love You to Pieces Lizzy Borden -
Tales of Terror Hallows Eve -
22 Luxury of Life Five Star -
Standing on the Edge Cheap Trick -
26 Mask of Smiles John Waite -
29 Profiles Nick Mason and Rick Fenn -
? Ain't Love Grand! X -
Contact Pointer Sisters -
The Fire Still Burns Russ Ballard -
Hold Me Laura Branigan -
In Concert America Live
Phantasmagoria The Damned -
Salad Days Minor Threat EP
St. Elmo's Fire Various Artists Soundtrack
A
U
G
U
S
T
5 Now That's What I Call Music 5 Various Artists Compilation
Rum Sodomy & the Lash The Pogues -
8 Midnite Dynamite Kix -
Lisa Lisa & Cult Jam with Full Force Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam -
12 Sacred Heart Dio -
Play Deep The Outfield -
Old Ways Neil Young -
16 Freaky Styley Red Hot Chili Peppers -
I Am the Night Pantera -
19 Marching Out Yngwie Malmsteen -
The Family The Family -
Scarecrow John Cougar Mellencamp -
26 Romance 1600 Sheila E. -
30 The Head on the Door The Cure -
? Primitive Love Miami Sound Machine -
Screamin' 'n' Bleedin' Angel Witch -
Cosi Fan Tutti Frutti Squeeze -
Lovin' Every Minute of It Loverboy -
No Lookin' Back Michael McDonald -
The Rose of England Nick Lowe -
World Service Spear of Destiny -
S
E
P
T
E
M
B
E
R
2 Run for Cover Gary Moore -
Innocence Is No Excuse Saxon -
4 Living in the Background Baltimora -
9 A Cappella Todd Rundgren -
You're Under Arrest Miles Davis -
12 Knee Deep in the Hoopla Starship -
13 In Square Circle Stevie Wonder -
16 Hounds of Love Kate Bush -
Asylum Kiss -
This Is the Sea The Waterboys -
The Fury Gary Numan -
Alabama Christmas Alabama Christmas
17 Here's to Future Days Thompson Twins -
Ready for the World Ready for the World -
20 Ignite the Seven Cannons Felt -
23 In Mysterious Ways John Foxx -
This Nation's Saving Grace The Fall -
The Wishing Chair 10,000 Maniacs -
24 Eaten Alive Diana Ross -
30 Mad Not Mad Madness -
Rain Dogs Tom Waits -
Soul to Soul Stevie Ray Vaughan -
? Alibi Vandenberg -
How Could It Be Eddie Murphy -
Don't Stand Me Down Dexys Midnight Runners -
Flip Your Wig Hüsker Dü -
The Process of Weeding Out Black Flag EP
Under a Raging Moon Roger Daltrey -

October–December

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Date Album Artist Notes
O
C
T
O
B
E
R
4 How to Be a ... Zillionaire! ABC -
7 The Gift Midge Ure solo debut
11 Power Windows Rush Canada
Picture Book Simply Red -
Seventh Dream of Teenage Heaven Love and Rockets -
14 Listen Like Thieves INXS -
Live After Death Iron Maiden Live
The Singles 81→85 Depeche Mode Compilation
Falco 3 Falco -
The Jets The Jets -
15 Feel the Fire Overkill Debut
16 Seven Churches Possessed Debut
17 The Blasting Concept Vol. 2 Various Artists -
18 World Machine Level 42 -
Love The Cult -
21 Once Upon a Time Simple Minds -
Mike + The Mechanics Mike + The Mechanics Debut
22 Twitch Aldo Nova -
24 Don't Stop Rappin' Too Short LP, Debut
Krush Groove Various Artists Soundtrack
25 Greatest Hits The Cars Compilation
The Last Command W.A.S.P. -
Sun City Artists United Against Apartheid -
28 Afterburner ZZ Top -
Dead Man's Party Oingo Boingo -
Slave to the Rhythm Grace Jones -
30 Seven the Hard Way Pat Benatar -
Spreading the Disease Anthrax -
? To Mega Therion Celtic Frost -
Original Masters Jethro Tull UK; Compilation
Cream Corn from the Socket of Davis Butthole Surfers UK; EP
Dog Eat Dog Joni Mitchell -
Endless Pain Kreator -
Eye Dance Boney M. -
Frankenchrist Dead Kennedys -
In My Head Black Flag -
High Priority Cherrelle -
America Kurtis Blow -
Jane Wiedlin Jane Wiedlin -
Me and the Boys Charlie Daniels -
Movin' Jennifer Rush -
Soul Kiss Olivia Newton-John -
The Spectre Within Fates Warning -
That's Why I'm Here James Taylor -
This Is Big Audio Dynamite Big Audio Dynamite -
Tim The Replacements -
N
O
V
E
M
B
E
R
4 Riptide Robert Palmer -
Done with Mirrors Aerosmith -
The Singles Collection Spandau Ballet Compilation
Ice on Fire Elton John -
Promise Sade UK
Cut the Crap The Clash -
Hawkwind Anthology Hawkwind Compilation
Misdemeanor UFO -
Down for the Count Y&T -
Delirious Nomad Armored Saint -
5 The Broadway Album Barbra Streisand -
7 9012Live: The Solos Yes US/Live
Biograph Bob Dylan Box Set
8 All for Love New Edition -
11 Catching Up with Depeche Mode Depeche Mode US; Compilation
Songs to Learn & Sing Echo & the Bunnymen Compilation
White City: A Novel Pete Townshend -
The Chronicle of the Black Sword Hawkwind -
13 Folksinger Phranc -
15 Tiny Dynamine Cocteau Twins EP
18 Rock a Little Stevie Nicks -
3 Ships Jon Anderson -
Crackers: The Christmas Party Album Slade -
High Roller in New Orleans Element Ethan Live
Psychocandy The Jesus and Mary Chain -
Radio LL Cool J -
So Red the Rose Arcadia -
Starpeace Yoko Ono -
Walls of Jericho Helloween -
21 Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention Frank Zappa -
22 Come Out and Play Twisted Sister -
Easy Pieces Lloyd Cole and the Commotions -
25 Astra Asia -
Friends Dionne Warwick -
Now That's What I Call Music 6 Various Artists Compilation
26 Pack Up the Plantation: Live! Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers Live
Species Deceases Midnight Oil EP
29 Echoes in a Shallow Bay Cocteau Twins EP
? Stereotomy The Alan Parsons Project -
Who's Missing The Who Compilation
Carnivore Carnivore -
Double Trouble Live Molly Hatchet Live
The Dream Academy The Dream Academy -
Raging Violence Hirax -
Night of the Crime Icon -
The Wrestling Album World Wrestling Federation Soundtrack
D
E
C
E
M
B
E
R
9 The Long Play Sandra -
Club Ninja Blue Öyster Cult -
Fine Young Cannibals Fine Young Cannibals -
16 Fight to Survive White Lion Debut/Japan
31 A Classic Case London Symphony Orchestra music of Jethro Tull
? 10 from 6 Bad Company Compilation
3-Way Tie (For Last) Minutemen -
Friends Dionne Warwick -
Geek! My Bloody Valentine EP
Island Life Grace Jones Compilation

Release date unknown

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Biggest hit singles

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The following songs achieved the highest in the charts of 1985.[13]

# Artist Title Year Country Chart Entries
1 Tears for Fears "Shout" 1984 United Kingdom US BB 1 – Jun 1985, Canada 1 – Feb 1985, Netherlands 1 – Jan 1985, Switzerland 1 – Feb 1985, Germany 1 – Jan 1985, New Zealand 1 for 3 weeks Mar 1985, Australia 1 for 1 weeks Nov 1985, France 3 – Dec 1984, Poland 3 – Mar 1985, UK 4 – Dec 1984, Sweden 5 – Dec 1984, Norway 5 – Mar 1985, KROQ 5 of 1985, Austria 6 – Mar 1985, US CashBox 13 of 1985, Australia 14 of 1985, Sweden (alt) 16 – Feb 1985, South Africa 16 of 1985, Italy 20 of 1985, RYM 27 of 1984, Scrobulate 36 of 80s, Germany 104 of the 1980s, Acclaimed 974
2 USA for Africa "We Are the World" 1985 United States UK 1 – Apr 1985, US BB 1 – Mar 1985, US CashBox 1 of 1985, Canada 1 – Apr 1985, Netherlands 1 – Mar 1985, Sweden 1 – Mar 1985, Sweden (alt) 1 – Apr 1985, Switzerland 1 – Apr 1985, Norway 1 – Mar 1985, Poland 1 – Mar 1985, Australia 1 of 1985, Italy 1 of 1985, Republic of Ireland 1 – Apr 1985, New Zealand 1 for 7 weeks Apr 1985, Australia 1 for 9 weeks Dec 1985, Grammy in 1985, Austria 2 – Apr 1985, Germany 2 – Apr 1985, Global 4 (20 M sold) – 1985, South Africa 8 of 1985, US BB 40 of 1985, POP 71 of 1985, RIAA 121, Germany 263 of the 1980s, OzNet 418, Acclaimed 1371
3 a-ha "Take On Me" 1984 Norway US BB 1 – Aug 1985, Canada 1 – Aug 1985, Netherlands 1 – Oct 1985, Sweden (alt) 1 – Oct 1985, France 1 – May 1985, Switzerland 1 – Nov 1985, Norway 1 – Nov 1984, Poland 1 – Dec 1985, Germany 1 – Jan 1986, Australia 1 for 2 weeks Aug 1986, Scrobulate 1 of 80s, UK 2 – Sep 1985, Sweden 4 – Aug 1985, Austria 4 – Dec 1985, Italy 7 of 1986, KROQ 7 of 1985, RYM 8 of 1984, Australia 12 of 1985, US CashBox 15 of 1985, Europe 20 of the 1980s, POP 31 of 1985, Global 33 (5 M sold) – 1985, US BB 36 of 1985, Germany 81 of the 1980s, Party 133 of 2007, OzNet 795, Acclaimed 2396
4 Foreigner "I Want to Know What Love Is" 1984 United States / United Kingdom UK 1 – Dec 1984, US BB 1 – Dec 1984, Canada 1 – Dec 1984, Sweden 1 – Dec 1984, Sweden (alt) 1 – Dec 1984, Norway 1 – Jan 1985, Poland 1 – Mar 1985, Republic of Ireland 1 – Jan 1985, New Zealand 1 for 3 weeks Feb 1985, Australia 1 for 5 weeks Oct 1985, Switzerland 2 – Jan 1985, Germany 4 – Jan 1985, Australia 5 of 1985, Netherlands 6 – Dec 1984, Austria 7 – Feb 1985, US CashBox 8 of 1985, South Africa 12 of 1985, POP 17 of 1985, US BB 34 of 1985, Europe 38 of the 1980s, OzNet 180, RYM 186 of 1984, Germany 255 of the 1980s, Rolling Stone 476, Acclaimed 659
5 Madonna "Material Girl" 1985 United States UK 1 – Jul 1985, Netherlands 1 – Aug 1985, Republic of Ireland 1 – Aug 1985, New Zealand 1 for 6 weeks Aug 1985, Australia 1 for 4 weeks Mar 1986, Sweden 2 – Aug 1985, Switzerland 2 – Aug 1985, Australia 2 of 1985, Italy 2 of 1985, Sweden (alt) 3 – Aug 1985, Germany 3 – Aug 1985, Norway 4 – Aug 1985, US BB 7 of 1985, Austria 7 – Sep 1985, France 9 – Aug 1985, RYM 9 of 1985, POP 13 of 1985, Poland 19 – Sep 1985, Scrobulate 73 of 80s, Party 193 of 1999, OzNet 200, Acclaimed 235, Germany 271 of the 1980s

Top 40 Chart hit singles

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Song title Artist(s) Release date(s) US UK Highest chart position Other Chart Performance(s)
"19" Paul Hardcastle April 1985 15 1 (12 countries) See chart performance entry
"Alive and Kicking" Simple Minds September 1985 3 7 1 (Italy) See chart performance entry
"All I Need" Jack Wagner January 1985 2 n/a 2 (United States) 1 (Canada RPM Adult Contemporary) – 1 (U.S. Billboard Adult Contemporary) – 2 (U.S. Cash Box Top 100) – 3 (Canada) – 93 (Australia)
"And We Danced" The Hooters August 1985 21 n/a 6 (Australia) 9 (New Zealand) – 72 (West Germany)
"Angel" Madonna April 1985 5 5 1 (Australia) See chart performance entry

Other Chart hit singles

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Notable singles

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Song title Artist(s) Release date(s) Other Chart Performance(s)
"Love Like Blood" Killing Joke September 1985 See chart performance entry
"The Boy with the Thorn in His Side" The Smiths September 1985 15 (Ireland) – 23 (UK Singles Chart)
"You Don't Miss Your Water" The Triffids August 1985 n/a
" King of Rock" Run-DMC January 1985 8 (US Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles) – 14 (US Billboard Hot Black Singles) – 40 (US Billboard Dance Music/Club Play Singles) – 80 (UK Singles Charts)
"Makes No Sense at All" Hüsker Dü August 1985 2 (UK Indie Chart)
"Oh Yeah" Yello July 1985 8 (Australia) – 36 (US Billboard Dance Club Songs) – 47 (Germany) – 51 (US Billboard Hot 100 Charts)
"Vicious Games" Yello February 1985 5 (Switzerland) – 8 (US Billboard Dance Club Singles) – 15 (Germany) – 60 (Australia)

Other Notable singles

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Classical music

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Opera

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Ballet

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Jazz

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Musical theater

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Musical films

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Births

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Deaths

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Awards

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Charts

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US Top 100 Hits of 1985

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Mitchell E. Shapiro (January 10, 2014). Cable Television Prime Time Programming, 1990–2010. McFarland. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-7864-9258-9.
  2. ^ Dave DiMartino (April 15, 2016). Music in the 20th Century (3 Vol Set). Routledge. p. 536. ISBN 978-1-317-46430-3.
  3. ^ "Tears for Fears". Official Charts.
  4. ^ "Stevie Wonder Music Banned in South Africa". The New York Times. Associated Press. March 27, 1985. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
  5. ^ "Michael Jackson, 1985". Michael Jackson in the Early 1980s. 2005. Archived from the original on June 13, 2008. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
  6. ^ Dan Halen (n.d.). "Chronology". Archived from the original on October 24, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
  7. ^ Madonnatribe (n.d.). "The Virgin Tour". Archived from the original on July 14, 2008. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
  8. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100 21 April 1985 – 27 April 1985". Official Charts.
  9. ^ mdh (1995). "Live Aid Programme". Archived from the original on June 7, 2008. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
  10. ^ MJ Cafe (2008). "When did Michael buy the Beatles' songs?". Archived from the original on June 1, 2008. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
  11. ^ Peter Nichols, "Opera Head to be Mayor of Florence", The Times issue 62252 (September 25, 1985): 8H.
  12. ^ "BBC – Radio 1Xtra – Black History – 1985". BBC Radio 1Xtra. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  13. ^ Hawtin, Steve (2007). "Songs from the Year 1985". Steve Hawtin/TsorT. Archived from the original on April 3, 2008. Retrieved April 13, 2008.
  14. ^ Agnihotri, Ram Awatar (1992). Artistes and their films of modern Hindi cinema: cultural and sociopolitical impact on society, 1931–1991. Commonwealth Publishers. p. 92. ISBN 978-81-7169-183-8.
  15. ^ "Portal del Cine Mexicano: Naná". Archived from the original on January 27, 2012. Retrieved October 5, 2012.
  16. ^ Fitzgerald, Trent (January 27, 2012). "J. Cole Celebrates His 27th Birthday In New York City". PopCrush. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
  17. ^ "Profil gwiazdy: Ewa Sonnet". Fakt.pl (in Polish). Ringier Axel Springer Polska. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
  18. ^ Chase's Calendar of Events 2020: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months. Rowman & Littlefield. September 24, 2019. p. 207. ISBN 978-1-64143-316-7.
  19. ^ Martin Howden (August 4, 2008). Lily Allen – Living Dangerously. John Blake. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-78418-478-0.
  20. ^ Coscarelli, Joe (July 5, 2016). "J Balvin Is a Man With a Mission: Making Reggaeton Global". The New York Times. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
  21. ^ "Derek Hough". TV Guide. Archived from the original on February 29, 2016. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  22. ^ Chase's Calendar of Events 2020: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months. Rowman & Littlefield. September 24, 2019. p. 296. ISBN 978-1-64143-316-7.
  23. ^ Hiatt, Brian (July 18, 2014). "Lana Del Rey – The Saddest, Baddest Diva in Rock". Rolling Stone. No. 1212. p. 44.
  24. ^ Graham Betts (2005). Complete UK Hit Albums, 1956–2005. Collins. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-00-720532-5.
  25. ^ "Emily Kinney". Biography. TV Guide. CBS Interactive. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
  26. ^ Kaufman, Joanne (May 3, 2012). "A Cultural Conversation With Cristin Milioti: There Once Was a Girl", The Wall Street Journal, p. D4.
  27. ^ Bie life pocket book (in Thai)
  28. ^ Herbert, Emily (2014). Bruno Mars – Emily Herbert. Omnibus Press. ISBN 9781783230501.
  29. ^ "Raven-Symoné". TV Guide. Archived from the original on October 15, 2014. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  30. ^ Eagle, Bob; LeBlanc, Eric S. (2013). Blues: A Regional Experience. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-0313344237.
  31. ^ Philip L. Miller (2002). "Cecil, Winifred". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O009914.
  32. ^ Ray Connelly (2003). "Stu". Out-Take Limited. Archived from the original on February 22, 2008. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
  33. ^ "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductee Ricky Nelson". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 1987. Retrieved July 15, 2008.