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Voiced labial–velar plosive

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Voiced labial–velar plosive
ɡ͡b
IPA Number110 (102)
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɡ​͡​b
Unicode (hex)U+0261 U+0361 U+0062

The voiced labial–velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is a [ɡ] and [b] pronounced simultaneously and is considered a double articulation.[1] To make this sound, one can say go but with the lips closed as if one were saying Bo; the lips are to be released at the same time as or a fraction of a second after the g of go is pronounced. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɡ͡b⟩. Its voiceless counterpart is voiceless labial–velar plosive, [k͡p].

The voiced labial–velar plosive is commonly found in Niger-Congo languages, e.g. in Igbo (Volta-Congo) in the name [iɡ͡boː] itself; or in Bété (Atlantic-Congo), e.g. in the surname of Laurent Gbagbo [ɡ͡baɡ͡bo], former president of Ivory Coast.

Features

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Features of the voiced labial–velar stop:

Occurrence

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Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Dyula gba [ɡ͡bɑ] 'bench'
Ega[2] [ɡ͡bá] 'finish'
Ewe Èʋegbe [èβeɡ͡be] 'Ewe language'
Igbo Igbo [iɡ͡boː] 'Igbo'
Kalabari[3] ágbá [áɡ͡bá] 'paint'
Kissi gbɛŋgbo [ɡ͡bɛŋɡ͡bɔ] 'stool'
Mono (Ubangian)[4] gba [ɡ͡ba] 'moisten'
Mundang[5] gbajole / ࢥَجٝلٜ [ɡ͡baɟole] 'to help'
Nigerian Pidgin[6] gbedu [ɡ͡bɛdu] 'beats' (of music) Phonemic. Found in substrate words and later loanwords from native Nigerian languages. See Languages of Nigeria.
Temne[7] gbara [kʌɡ͡bara] 'coconut'
Tyap a̠mgba̠m [əmɡ͡bəm] 'all'
Volow[8] nleevēn [n.lɛᵑᵐɡ͡bʷɛβɪn] 'woman' with labiovelar release
Yoruba gbogbo [ɡ͡boɡ͡bo] 'all'

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Catford & Esling 2006, p. 438:

    … the commonest double articulations consist of the simultaneous articulation of stops at two locations, most frequently labial-velar [kp] [gb], written [k͡p] [ɡ͡b] when the coarticulation has to be made explicit in transcription. This particular type of double articulation is often called ‘labiovelar,’ a term which must be avoided in a strictly systematic phonetic taxonomy in which the first half of such a compound term refers to the lower articulator.

  2. ^ Connell, Ahoua & Gibbon (2002:100)
  3. ^ Harry (2003:113)
  4. ^ Olson (2004:233); association with Niger-Congo uncertain.
  5. ^ Priest, Lorna A.; Hosken, Martin (12 August 2010). Proposal to add Arabic script characters for African and Asian languages (PDF). (Archive)
  6. ^ Faraclas (1996), pp. 248–249.
  7. ^ Ladefoged (1964)
  8. ^ François (2005:445)

References

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